Evidence-Based Practice Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Evidence-Based Practice - Coursework Example orts nursing and healthcare by exploring what this practice is all about and how it is associated to patients’ care and the value it adds in the process. Evidences are perceived to be different are dependent on geographical conditions, characteristics of healthcare services available, economic situations, and others which make the experiences of patients vary. It is developed that decision making processes in nursing involve defining: (a) outcomes of treatment administered and preventing negative outcomes such as pain, inconvenience, and side effects among others (b) rational treatment alternatives (c) possible positive outcomes of treatment that are beneficial to patients. Thus, the effort to find answers that are linked to the three cases enables good judgments about the nature of treatment recommended. Evidence is used to determine this connection between the outcomes and alternatives in consideration to each patient’s experience (DiCenso et al., 2005: 155-158). Fineout-Overholt et al (2005) explains the evidence-based practice process. As described above, the first step involves asking clinical questions that basically cover the experiences of each patient. This step is considered as one that is most significant and challenging to the nursing profession. That is, if the information gathered is not accurate, the entire process is faulted. The formulation of the questions is said should be searchable and easy to answer comprehensively from research studies, clinical expertise and patients’ experiences. The second step as appreciated above is the search for the best evidence that will answer the question raised in the first step. This question enables nurses or clinicians to identify relevant databases using keywords and also which studies are appropriate to review in terms of their quality strengths. The other step is appraising the reviewed evidence in terms of the significance and validity of their results and the contributions they make to the

Cross Cultural Perspectives Essay Example for Free

Cross Cultural Perspectives Essay Introduction: The world is an ever changing place. What is taboo today may become a norm tomorrow. There are vast numbers of countries with various languages, religions and their cultural ethnicity. India has been referred to as a country which is a living example of unity in diversity. In today’s age of capitalism and free trade, borders are soon getting irrelevant and people are migrating, more than ever before, to achieve their personal and organisational goals. It becomes all the more important to understand cross cultural dynamics and its implications on international businesses looking to expand in new markets. Why understand Culture? Today we see companies looking towards new markets and industries to expand their businesses. Growth in the west is almost at its saturation peak and developed industries are looking to foray into Asian markets to promote their growth and take advantage of developing economies. There are a lot of constraints in entering new markets, businesses have to understand regional aspects and the environment which govern these markets. There are various aspects of the environment which are Political, Legal, Economic and Cultural. Economic, Legal and Political environment differ in different regions and are sometimes governed by their local culture. Culture in many ways influences and has a major role to define these policies. When businesses are entering new markets they can study economic limitations, political and legal environment. But â€Å"Culture is a man made part of the environment†(Herskovits, 1948, p.17). Geert Hofstede in 1980 explained that Culture consists of shared mental programs that control individual’s response to their environment. It has been very easy to understand culture in terms of Hofstede’s dimensions and compare countries based on these studies. These are Power distance, Uncertainty avoidance, Individualism-Collectivism, Femininity and Masculinity. I once came across an advertisement from HSBC, where in a polish company selling washing machines wanted to know why their sales are highest in a part of India. When their representative visits the vendor he realises that the machine is used to prepare a delicacy rather than washing clothes. The punch line of the advert was â€Å"if you’re going to do business internationally you should be  with a bank that knows about International business† During the 3rd session of Cross-Cultural Perspective we came across a task of negotiation. My key learning’s during this task were that communication style and sharing of information was vital in successful negotiation beneficial for all. We started aggressively trying to force our opinion and make the other party aware about our concern and make them sensitive to our objective. But we soon realised that the key to a successful negotiation was dealing with the other party with co-operation and being sensitive to their needs. This realisation made us reach an amicable solution towards solving the â€Å"ugly orange case†. Hence we learned that a good negotiator should possess good negotiating skills, communication, multiple solutions and also should understand the emphasis of BATNA (best alternative to a negotiated agreement). We also learned about Leaders and their qualities. There is an argument by some that leaders are born, others believe that leaders can be made. I am of the view that leaders are not born but made. I do have certain leanings in terms of charismatic leaders and their family tree, e.g. Indira Gandhi, Rajiv Gandhi and Sonia Gandhi, but to larger extent leaders can be made and groomed provided they have the necessary qualities and attributes to lead and motivate people. During my work assignment I spent a considerable amount of time in United States of America. I was spearheading a transition project which involved training, coaching and transitioning work from United States to India. My colleagues from America were straight forward and direct in their communication. The instructions and information provided by them was straight to the point and often construed by me as rude. I had a confrontation with my co-worker where I asked him to put in some extra hour of work. He was quite direct i n refusing and also went ahead in telling me that this is not the way Americans work. I was influenced by the work culture in India and assumed that it is alright to ask a colleague to stay back a couple of hours after work. In the US, there was a lot of emphasis on work-life balance. Conclusion: Now after getting acquainted with cross-culture perspectives and various theories I have better understanding between the cultural differences of  America and India. I think that using the dimensions provided by Hofstede and theories based on these dimensions we can analyse and understand culture and their dynamics. These will be helpful to organisations entering new markets and regions.

Essay examples --

It is already well known that treating LPS to RAW 264.7 cells increases both the latter’s length and surface area, as the former is recognized by the latter as a PAMP (Christie). While the general direction of morphological change was predicted, its degree with respect to the concentration of LPS solution treated still remained in question. Thus, the investigation assessed the following two aspects of morphological change compared to their negative control groups: Difference in average length and surface area of RAW 264.7 cells. As shown in Figure 3 of this investigation, a positive correlation exists between the concentration of LPS solution treated and the difference in average length of RAW 264.7 cells compared to that of those of the negative control group; for instance, the latter increased from 14.385  µm to 53.763  µm as the former increased from 0.1  µg†¢ml-1 to 100  µg†¢ml-1. The latter’s magnitude of increase decreased with each increase in the former, exhibiting the correlation’s logarithmic behavior; compared to the latter’s increase from 25.215  µm to 44.001  µm as the former increased from 1  µg†¢ml-1 to 10  µg†¢ml-1, the latter’s increase from 44.001  µm to 53.763  µm as the former increased from 10  µg†¢ml-1 to 100  µg†¢ml-1 was marginal. The overall correlation between the two variables shown is strong, as evidenced by its high correlation coefficient value (R2=0.9846) and the absence of outliers throughout th e data. Figure 4 of this investigation also displays a positive correlation between the concentration of LPS solution treated and the difference in average surface area of RAW 264.7 cells compared to that of those of the negative control group; for instance, the latter increased from 55.714  µm2 to 277.400  µm2 as the former ... ...ral weaknesses were considered. For instance, fractures in cytoplasmic processes most likely have originated from physical damage rather than from immunologic interactions; repeated attempts to attach coverslips onto the SEM specimen stubs using carbon adhesive tabs seems to be the cause. Nevertheless, previous studies on relevant fields show that some transcription factors involved in TLR4 signaling pathway may regulate LPS-induced apoptosis in macrophages (Ma et al. 41827). Connections could thus be drawn between the concentration of LPS solution treated and RAW 264.7 cell death to some degree. The existence of a threshold value for LPS concentration to induce cell death may also explain the logarithmic correlations seen in differences in average length and surface area of RAW 264.7 cells, suggesting a limit to which the cells can undertake immunologic responses.

Kraft Food

Strength ? Kraft foods is the world second largest food company since it has the presence in 160 countries with 168 integrated factories, (Geographical presence of Kraft foods ) ? It has a heritage of business since 1903 ? The human resource capacity of this company is 97000 which make them the one of largest in the globe, ? Kraft foods carries 40 brands which is in the market over 100 years ? Country led model of the Kraft foods which lead towards making decisions more faster ?Acquisition of Cadbury & LU biscuits which led the strong presence of Kraft foods in the global market because Cadbury had 45000 employees & the presence of the brand in 60 countries , LU biscuit which has 32 manufacturing facilities with 14000 employees which lead more market share , more value or revenue from the segment categories specially in the European region 1. Weakness ? Kraft Foods 12. 5% ( 2009 ) comes from 5 brands portfolio ? Adding the Pan – European centralized management will lead to cul tural effect in the organizational structure ?The acquisition process of Cadbury bought more negative impact on Kraft food since an UK based company was taken over by a foreign based company ? Selling of frozen pizza & post cereal business which effect the convenience foods segments net revenue contribution of 94. 1% & operating income of 8. 8 % as per 2009 figures of Kraft foods north America 2. Opportunities ? Expand penetration in developing markets by the increase of the population Ex: China , India markets 3. Threats ? Holidays & Seasonal Changes effect the demands of the products ?By presenting in globally Kraft foods Came across competition from retail house brands, generic brands, regional , local, & other multinational brands Ex: Super Markets like Tesco , Carrefour developing their own brands on FMCG category in Srilanka Cargills, Keells Super has their own brands ? Cost increase of the raw materials & other local political , legal un stabilities of the countries ( ingredi ents & packaging material ) Ex: Mad cow disease had stop purchase most of the imported or processed meat from other countries 1. Political Political unrest particularly in the Ivory Coast affecting supply of Cocoa and in other parts of Africa. ? European unions condition for acquisition of Cadbury which led to Kraft foods to sell the Cadbury confectionery operations in Romania & Poland ? Favourable regulations allowing relatively easy acquisition of Cadbury in spite of promises by UK Labour Party to enact a Cadbury Law to maintain the UK ownership. ? Government agricultural policies impacting upon Kraft operations ? Competition and antitrust controls. 1. Legal ? Ban on exports of foodstuffs from CIS a result of poor crops – also environmental factor. Compliance with food regulations in different jurisdictions ? Importance of patent protection with regard to branded organisation like Kraft – problems of enforcement ? Contractual rights in various countries 2. Economic ? Fluctuation in currencies especially the US Dollar impacting particularly on Kraft with its operations in over 160 countries ? Recession has impact on business activity economic activity particularly with regard to the value of the UK pound and the Euro with regard to economic problems in Ireland, Portugal and Greece. Sharp increases in commodity prices – the case highlights the situation with regard to coffee and cocoa, a result of speculation and demand increases as the world population grows. There are also supply issues as a result of weather problems and the changeover from food crops to bio–fuel crops. 3. Social ? Growth in demand for coffee from growth of organisations such as Starbucks (economic) ? Move towards health consciousness which will impact on processed foods manufacturers such as Kraft and Cadbury leading to negative perceptions of packaged foods like Kraft manufacture ?Culturally bound markets significance of foods within certain culture ? There are problems of rural communities with migration to urban areas especially young people which accentuates the key problem of aging. ? Corporate social responsibility becoming a key issue as initiatives such as Fairtrade gain support from major food producers notably Cadbury with its flagship brand Dairy Milk. ? There have been changes in food habits as a result of the economic crisis leading to phenomenon such as â€Å"stay at home† and growth of consumption of retailer brands and other cheaper brands. . Environmental ? Global warming causing extremes of weather eg Floods in Pakistan and droughts in CIS leading to disruptions in supplies of raw materials ? Increasing pressure on organisations particularly high profile multinationals such as Kraft, to become greener. The issue of carbon footprint and food miles is critical to global organisations. ? Waste and recycling issues – Kraft uses significant amount of packaging and is also subject to transportation costs. 5. Techn ology Although technologies are converging globally, there are still wide variations in IT availability across countries and multinational organisations such as Kraft must take account of this. ? There is continuous pressure to develop cheaper production techniques via the application of new technologies to become the low cost producer in order to both maximize profits and to resist pressures from retailers such Walmart for lower prices. ? Kraft is particularly strong in R & D ? The growing impact of ITC leading to more e-business and e-procurement. – Kraft Food Strength ? Kraft foods is the world second largest food company since it has the presence in 160 countries with 168 integrated factories, (Geographical presence of Kraft foods ) ? It has a heritage of business since 1903 ? The human resource capacity of this company is 97000 which make them the one of largest in the globe, ? Kraft foods carries 40 brands which is in the market over 100 years ? Country led model of the Kraft foods which lead towards making decisions more faster ?Acquisition of Cadbury & LU biscuits which led the strong presence of Kraft foods in the global market because Cadbury had 45000 employees & the presence of the brand in 60 countries , LU biscuit which has 32 manufacturing facilities with 14000 employees which lead more market share , more value or revenue from the segment categories specially in the European region 1. Weakness ? Kraft Foods 12. 5% ( 2009 ) comes from 5 brands portfolio ? Adding the Pan – European centralized management will lead to cul tural effect in the organizational structure ?The acquisition process of Cadbury bought more negative impact on Kraft food since an UK based company was taken over by a foreign based company ? Selling of frozen pizza & post cereal business which effect the convenience foods segments net revenue contribution of 94. 1% & operating income of 8. 8 % as per 2009 figures of Kraft foods north America 2. Opportunities ? Expand penetration in developing markets by the increase of the population Ex: China , India markets 3. Threats ? Holidays & Seasonal Changes effect the demands of the products ?By presenting in globally Kraft foods Came across competition from retail house brands, generic brands, regional , local, & other multinational brands Ex: Super Markets like Tesco , Carrefour developing their own brands on FMCG category in Srilanka Cargills, Keells Super has their own brands ? Cost increase of the raw materials & other local political , legal un stabilities of the countries ( ingredi ents & packaging material ) Ex: Mad cow disease had stop purchase most of the imported or processed meat from other countries 1. Political Political unrest particularly in the Ivory Coast affecting supply of Cocoa and in other parts of Africa. ? European unions condition for acquisition of Cadbury which led to Kraft foods to sell the Cadbury confectionery operations in Romania & Poland ? Favourable regulations allowing relatively easy acquisition of Cadbury in spite of promises by UK Labour Party to enact a Cadbury Law to maintain the UK ownership. ? Government agricultural policies impacting upon Kraft operations ? Competition and antitrust controls. 1. Legal ? Ban on exports of foodstuffs from CIS a result of poor crops – also environmental factor. Compliance with food regulations in different jurisdictions ? Importance of patent protection with regard to branded organisation like Kraft – problems of enforcement ? Contractual rights in various countries 2. Economic ? Fluctuation in currencies especially the US Dollar impacting particularly on Kraft with its operations in over 160 countries ? Recession has impact on business activity economic activity particularly with regard to the value of the UK pound and the Euro with regard to economic problems in Ireland, Portugal and Greece. Sharp increases in commodity prices – the case highlights the situation with regard to coffee and cocoa, a result of speculation and demand increases as the world population grows. There are also supply issues as a result of weather problems and the changeover from food crops to bio–fuel crops. 3. Social ? Growth in demand for coffee from growth of organisations such as Starbucks (economic) ? Move towards health consciousness which will impact on processed foods manufacturers such as Kraft and Cadbury leading to negative perceptions of packaged foods like Kraft manufacture ?Culturally bound markets significance of foods within certain culture ? There are problems of rural communities with migration to urban areas especially young people which accentuates the key problem of aging. ? Corporate social responsibility becoming a key issue as initiatives such as Fairtrade gain support from major food producers notably Cadbury with its flagship brand Dairy Milk. ? There have been changes in food habits as a result of the economic crisis leading to phenomenon such as â€Å"stay at home† and growth of consumption of retailer brands and other cheaper brands. . Environmental ? Global warming causing extremes of weather eg Floods in Pakistan and droughts in CIS leading to disruptions in supplies of raw materials ? Increasing pressure on organisations particularly high profile multinationals such as Kraft, to become greener. The issue of carbon footprint and food miles is critical to global organisations. ? Waste and recycling issues – Kraft uses significant amount of packaging and is also subject to transportation costs. 5. Techn ology Although technologies are converging globally, there are still wide variations in IT availability across countries and multinational organisations such as Kraft must take account of this. ? There is continuous pressure to develop cheaper production techniques via the application of new technologies to become the low cost producer in order to both maximize profits and to resist pressures from retailers such Walmart for lower prices. ? Kraft is particularly strong in R & D ? The growing impact of ITC leading to more e-business and e-procurement. –

Community Health Social Care Essay

Welcome to the Foundation Degree in Community Health and Social Care offered in partnership with a number of Further Education colleges, and validated by the University of Wolverhampton. Foundation Degrees are a vocationally focused higher education qualification located at intermediate level in the Framework for Higher Education Qualifications. This foundation degree has links with local and national employers ensuring that skills are developed through work-based learning, which is a major part of any foundation degree. This combined with higher-level knowledge and understanding reinforces and supports the development of vocational skills. Although the University of Wolverhampton has validated the foundation degree, the study will take place in one of the partner colleges. In the following pages you will find a brief description of the programme, the modules and other information that we think you will find useful. More detailed information about each module will be given by module leaders during your studies. We have also included details of awards that you may wish to progress onto after you complete the foundation degree. We work closely with the course leaders in all colleges. Arrangements will be made for you to visit the University. We look forward to seeing you then. If you have any issues or concerns that you wish to discuss please contact your course leader at your college. 2About this Guide The purpose of this guide is to provide you with information about the modules offered within the Foundation Degree. In addition to the information contained in this Pathway Guide, you will need to be aware of: The University Academic Principles and Regulations, which are available from the university web site. These regulations explain how the credit system operates, and the number of credits that must be studied at different levels in order to qualify for the different awards offered. Each college will arrange their own timetable – the course leader at your college will make you aware of this. All modules on the Foundation Degree in Community Health and Social Care are compulsory. On successful completion of the Foundation Degree, you will be awarded a ‘pass’. The University can also provide you with a formal transcript of your module results if you wish. If you decide to complete end your studies after successfully completing year One, you may be eligible for a Certificate of Higher Education. At the end of this guide you will find information on further study at the University of Wolverhampton. Introduction to the Health and Social Care Subjects The Foundation Degree provides an educational opportunity for undergraduates who come from a variety of backgrounds. The Foundation Degree aims to provide appropriate academic health and social care teaching for a wide variety of students, from across the NHS and the health and social care arena. The award may be studied on a full or part time basis. Full details of this can be found by asking the contact at your local college. We may be able to award some students credits for specific modules if they can demonstrate that they have already met the learning objectives. This is known as Accreditation of Prior Achievement. Please discuss this with the tutor at your college in the first instance. It is expected that all student will have work experience (this can be paid or unpaid) within the Health or Social Care field.

How to Make Yellow or Golden Fire

How to Make Yellow or Golden Fire Most flames from candles or wood burning fire are yellow, but you can color a blue flame so that it will become yellow. Heres what you do. Chemicals That Produce Yellow Fire Yellow can be caused by the temperature of a flame, but it can also come from the emission spectrum of a chemical as it is heated. Typically, this is caused by the presence of sodium in a fuel. You can produce a yellow fire by adding any of these common sodium compounds to a fire: Sodium chloride (table salt)Sodium bicarbonate (baking soda)Sodium carbonate (washing soda) Making Yellow Fire The yellow emission spectrum from sodium is so intense, you really dont need to add sodium to most materials to produce a yellow flame. However, if you want to intensify the yellow color, you can add salt to your fuel. Most of the chemicals that produce yellow fire are soluble in water. Dissolve any of the salts in a very small amount of water or in rubbing alcohol, which is a mixture of alcohol and water. Mix the sodium solution with your fuel (e.g., naphtha, alcohol) to add yellow color to a blue or colorless flame.

The Last Essay †English

The Last Essay – English Free Online Research Papers The Last Essay English There has been much personal growth for me during this semester of English in my freshmen year. How I can prove this is I’ve come to realize that I need to do my work in order to succeed. Usually im a slacker, someone who puts schoolwork second on there things to do list. This thinking felt right to me and I was pretty careless. Well as a result of that I wasn’t performing to my potential academically. I would say im a pretty average student and maybe even a little more than average but I want more than that. Ive been trying to set my goals higher than originally. My social life now comes second and doing my work is now one of my top priorities most of the time. My mother has always told me friends wont be on your college application, and well whatever that means but its true my so called friends aren’t going to help me succeed in life. Its me who needs to make that decision how I am going to make it in this world. Succeeding in high school is just one of many major keys that I need to perfect in order to be successful in the future. My reading skills are the same but im starting to realize the real meaning of reading a book. Past years reading for me was scanning my eyes through a hundred pages and not getting the concept of the book and I relied on my peers who did read to fill me in on what each chapter was about. The odyssey was a very wonderful introduction for me into the world of reading books. I actually enjoyed reading the hardship of what Odysseus went through and what he did to survive just to get back to his home Ithaca. I hate reading long novels, its just something I don’t like doing one bit but I had to read this book in order to anser the millions of question Mrs. Philips would assign. So I sat and sat and sat and read till my head was to tired to think and I would say it was worth it because it helped my grade and reading books isn’t something that I don’t hate entirely anymore. Grammar EEK! what a horrible subject. I personally don’t like doing grammar. My attitude towards grammar is I can wright the English language and I can talk it so in that case I’ve pretty much mastered it. Renea seriously you’re an idiot I finally had to say to myself as I discovered that there was so much more than that I had to accomplish before I could actually think that I had mastered a language. When I walked into the classroom and got tied up with tons and tons of grammar worksheets I was shocked. What is the point of doing all this work? why why why? I would ask myself but I took a look at them once and a while and realized that when I write I don’t evan think about adverbs or clauses or even all those parts of speech. I still don’t understand some of it but I’ve learned many new things just by practicing with all those good old work sheets. At first I thought Mrs. Philips would just assign them to us to torture our adolescent brainl ess minds but now I realize that she did it for our own good I suppose. A weekly vocabulary list helped me understand many words in our dictionary that I wouldn’t of known if I hadn’t taken this class. Weekly spelling lists also benefitted me because I am truly a horrible speller. My ability to do research has grown immensely. The Alexander the Great project that I chose to do for our Almost term paper helped me learn how to do citations, parenthetical citations, and research my topic from using big giant boring books instead if copying and pasting from internet sites on the web. I am the same person as I was when I first walked into this class I’ve just learned to ditch the social scene once and a while and hit the books for once and I give all thanks to Mrs. Philips for that because the work and her teaching abilities have forced me to do so. The style of the tests and quizzes were interesting. Some would be hard and some would be easy. Some made me study the night before and others were just a price of cake and I could do it from memory. I think Mrs. Philips gave us all some slack many of times. I probably took a little advantage of her teaching styles evan though I didn’t realize it. I could be a careless student or an organized student. I turned a lot of things in late because I knew that she wouldn’t give me zeros but I never failed to not do my assignments. Mrs. Philips is a great teacher. She told our class that in order to be a good teacher you have to repeat yourself a lot to give the kids an understanding. This is true and many of the times she did. I get unfocused and there’s Mrs. Philips snapping her fingers at me telling me to focus. I love it when teachers are like that because it actually shows me that they want you to succeed and want u to get the information into the students head. Sh e was a funny teacher she made me laugh and I haven’t had many teachers like that. She got the point across to me and evan used enthusiasm as a strategy to get it across to her students. She would make fun of me sometimes but I never ever took it personally because maybe she wasn’t kidding but she would only speak the truth. I am honored to have the Great Goddess Griggs ( G.G.G. an acronym which she taught me) as my 9th grade teacher she’s a wonderful teacher! a spectacular teacher and I hope that I have her again in the future. What shall I do with the four million dollars and the old broken-down mansion my long lost relative has left me? Well I will give 1,000,000.00 dollars away to a charity. The charity that will receive this hunk of money will be none other than The Make a Wish Foundation. This foundation is for kids who are going to die and before they do they are told to make a wish and whatever they wish for will happen but these things can only happen if the foundation is supported. So I have made a decision to help out those helpless boys and girls and make them smile once more by donating this money. My next mission with this money is to renovate this mansion. Its in a rather horrid state but I find it rather enchanting. I have estimated a total of one million dollars will be spent in the process of making this estate a beautiful mansion which it longs to be. My next decision on what to do with the money is to go on a vacation!. Tour the world is what I long to do. I will bring my husband and our two kids on a year trip to enjoy the wonders of the world. From Paris to China and all the way to Peru is where you will find us and this vacation will approximately cost 250,000 dollars. The rest of the money will be put in banks and gain interest through the years and my family and I will live on the money and never have to work again. What a wonderful life this would be if only it were real. Research Papers on The Last Essay - EnglishStandardized TestingTrailblazing by Eric AndersonBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayMind TravelPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyHip-Hop is ArtQuebec and Canada19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraEffects of Television Violence on Children

Strategies for Improving Sentences on SAT Writing

Strategies for Improving Sentences on SAT Writing SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Improving sentences is the biggest subsection in SAT Writing. There are 49 total multiple choice questions on the SAT Writing section, and 25 of those are improving sentences questions. Arming yourself with specific strategies to answer these questions will be extremely beneficial to you and your SAT Writing score. In this post, I’ll do the following: Offer a general approach to use for answering sentence improvement questions. Detail the most common errors and clues for locating them. Show you how to correct the most common grammar errors. Provide example questions. General Approach to Improving Sentences For each improving sentences question, you should follow the same general approach to help ensure that you have an efficient method to consistently select the correct answer. By following these steps, you'll become less likely to make careless mistakes and more likely to arrive at the right answer in a timely manner. #1: Read the Sentence and Try to Identify Any Specific Errors in the Underlined Portion When you first read through the sentence, attempt to locate specific errors based on your knowledge of the grammar rules that are tested on the SAT Writing section. #2: Eliminate Obvious Wrong Answer Choices Eliminate any choices that are clearly wrong. If an answer choice creates another grammatical error or does not address the error you identified in the original answer choice, then you can immediately eliminate that answer choice as an option. Don't eliminate an answer choice solely because it sounds wrong. For all of the multiple choice SAT Writing questions, rely primarily on your knowledge of grammatical rules. #3: If You Don't Notice Anything Wrong With the Original Sentence, Look at the Answer Choices to Determine if You Overlooked an Error Sometimes reading the answer choices will make the error in the original sentence more apparent. Also, if an answer choice is more concise than the underlined portion of the original sentence and grammatically correct, then that will be the right answer. #4: Plug the Phrase in the Answer Choice Back Into the Original Sentence If an answer choice looks like it could be right, plug the phrase back into the original sentence. Sometimes reading the whole sentence will allow you to more easily determine if an answer choice is correct or if it creates an additional error. Use this step to verify your selection or testan answer choice you're unsure about. #5: Go Through The Answer Choices Until You Locate the Correct Improvement or Determine that No Change is Needed Your work is done once you find the answer choice that fixes the error in the original sentence and does not create an additonal error. You can quickly look at the remaining choices to verify that you have selected the best answer. If, after looking through the answer choices, you determine that the original sentence is correct, then select answer choice A, which is always the same as the underlined portion of the original sentence. Keep in mind that answer choice A will be right about 10%-20% of the time. Now that we have a general approach for sentence improvement questions, we can look at the specific grammar errors that repeatedly appear in the sentences in this subsection. I'll let you know the clues for spotting these errors and how to improve sentences that contain them. Read below for all the grammar rules you need to know for improving sentences. The Specific Grammar Errors: Signs and Improvements I arranged these grammatical errors by how often they tend to appear in sentence improvement questions, with the more common errors first and the least common ones last. All of these errors have appeared on previous SATs, and you should be familiar with all of these rules. Wordiness If a sentence suffers from wordiness, it is not written in the most concise grammatically correct way. Here are some tips for how to locate a wordy sentence. Signals Wordy sentences often contain gerunds in the underlined portion. Also, these sentences tend to employ the commonly used wordy phrases referenced in the article on wordiness. Once you spot a wordy sentence, it can generally be corrected in the following ways. Improvements Remember that the most concise grammatically correct answer choice will be right. Refer to the article on wordiness for the typical corrections to the commonly used wordy phrases. Parallelism Parallelism refers to the grammar rule that requires you to use the same pattern of words for two or more words or ideas in a sentence. Errors in parallelism occur when items in a list or phrases before and after a conjunction are not written in the same grammatical form. Check out the clues for identifying a parallel structure question. Signals A sentence is likely testing your knowledge of parallelism if the underlined portion is part of an "x, y, and z" list construction. Additionally, if an underlined phrase follows a conjunction, it often includes a parallel structure error. Because they're more difficult, parallelism questions tend to be found near the end of the subsection. Improvements To correct parallelism errors, put items in a list or phrases before and after a conjunction in the same grammatical form. For example, if two items in a list are in the gerund form, then the third item should be in the gerund form as well. Faulty Modifiers Another common grammar error on the improving sentences subsection is the faulty modifier. The basic rule regarding modifiers is that they must be placed next to the word they're modifying. So, how do you spot a faulty modifier? Signals Almost all of the faulty modifier questions deal with dangling modifiers. When a sentence begins with a modifying phrase, the intro must be immediately followed by a comma and then the noun it's describing. If the underlined phrase follows an introductory clause and a comma, make sure that the noun being described comes right after the comma. Improvements Place modifiers next to the words they describe. For the common dangling modifier questions, the noun being described should be placed right after the comma. Pronoun Agreement On the SAT, pronoun agreement means that pronouns must always have a clear antecedent and agree with the nouns they replace. Signals If a pronoun is part of the underlined phrase, look for errors in pronoun agreement. You must be able to identify an antecedent and the pronoun must agree with its antecedent in number. Improvements Every pronoun on the SAT should have a clear antecedent. The antecedent is the noun that the pronoun refers to. If a pronoun doesn't have a clear antecedent, replace it with a noun or make sure that the improved sentence does give ita clear antecedent. Also, make sure to use singular nouns with singular antecedents and plural pronouns with plural antecedents. My favorite pronoun Idioms/Wrong Word For questions related to idioms or word choice, you have to know how to properly construct idiomatic expressions and how to properly use specific words. These questions often do not correspond with a grammar rule and are the only ones where you may have to rely on what sounds right to correctly answer the question. Signals The idioms on the SAT tend to involve prepositions, gerunds, and infinitives. If any of these parts of speech are underlined, make sure that any idiomatic expression in the phrase is properly constructed. If one word of a word pair is in the underlined phrase, that can also signal a wrong word error.Common word pairs include "not only...but also", "both...and", "either..or", and "neither...nor". Note that conjunctions or adverbs in the underlined phrase can signal a word choice error as well. Improvements Typically, an improperly constructed idiomatic expression can be fixed by changing the preposition or the verb form. Word pair errors can be corrected by replacing the word that doesn't belong in the word pair with the word that does. For example, change "either...and" to "either...or." Make sure that the words in the underlined phrase express the intended meaning of the sentence. If the sentence shows contrast, then there should be a word like "but", "despite", or "although" in the sentence that indicates contrast. Run-Ons A run-on sentence (coming soon) consists of two or more complete thoughts that are not separated by the proper punctuation. Signals Usually, you'll find a run-on sentence created by a comma splice. Two complete thoughts will be separated by a comma. Improvements You can fix the comma splice by changing the comma to a semicolon. Or, you can change the construction of the sentence so that the comma is no longer separating two complete thoughts. Fragments A sentence fragment (coming soon) doesn't express a complete thought. Signals Sentence fragments often have a gerund or relative pronoun in the underlined phrase. Occasionally, a participle will be in the underlined portion and the sentence won't have a verb. Improvements Get rid of the relative pronoun or replace gerunds and participles with verbs. Make sure the improved sentence has a verb and expresses a complete thought. Subject-Verb Agreement Subject-verb agreement is a rule that states that all subjects must agree with their verbs in number. Singular subjects take singular verbs. Plural subjects take plural verbs. Signals If a verb is underlined, especially if the answer choices have different present/present perfect tense conjugations, then you should check for a subject-verb agreement error. Improvements Change the verb from plural to singular or from singular to plural. Just a few more rules to go Verb Forms Verb form (coming soon) questions will test you on verb tenses, gerunds, and infinitives. You need to know which tense and verb form to use in a given sentence. Signals Verb form questions will have a verb, gerund, or infinitive in the underlined phrase. The answer choices will have different different verb forms. Improvements Follow consistency rules with verbs and make sure that all verb tenses are being used properly. In sentences with gerunds or infinitives, verify that all idiomatic expressions are constructed correctly. Relative Pronouns Relative pronouns (coming soon) are "who", "whom", "whose", "which", "where", "when", and "that". Relative pronouns must agree with the nouns they're replacing. For example, use "where" when referring to places and "when" when referring to a specific time. Signals If a relative pronoun is part of the underlined phrase, then there may be a relative pronoun error. Improvements Make sure you use the proper relative pronoun for the noun that is being replaced and that the pronoun has a clear antecedent. Occasionally, you will have to remove a relative pronoun to fix a sentence fragment. Illogical Comparisons The rule for illogical comparisons is that you can only compare equivalent things. Signals The underlined phrase will often follow a word in the comparative form. In every illogical comparison question, there will be a comparison in the sentence. Improvements Make sure the sentence is comparing like things. For example, you have to compare books to books and people to people. You can't compare a book to a person. Noun Agreement Noun agreement means that a singular person/thing can't be a plural noun and vice versa. Incorrect: John and Sarah want to become a doctor. Correct: John and Sarah want to become doctors. Signals Multiple nouns in a sentence, including one in the underlined phrase, can signal a noun agreement error. Improvements When necessary, make sure nouns agree in number. Now that we're familiar with all of the specific grammar rules covered on the improving sentences subsection, here are some more general rules to keep in mind. General Tips The Most Concise Answer is Often Right Underlined phrases in sentence improvement questions will often be awkward and wordy. Focus on selecting the clearest, most concise answer choice. Consistency is Key Many of the grammar errors have to do with inconsistency. Errors in parallelism, verb forms, and comparisons can often be fixed by focusing on consistency. Gerunds, Especially "Being", Often Signal an Error Sentence improvement questions tend to use gerunds to create fragments, wordiness, and idiom errors. If a gerund is part of an underlined phrase, make sure the gerund is being used correctly. Use these tips to answer actual questions from the SAT Writing section. Real SAT Examples We're going to use the grammar rules and strategies you've just learned to answer the followingsentence improvement question. First, let's try to identify any errors in the underlined portion of the sentence. The presence of the gerunds "tempting" and "straining" signals that there is likely a parallelism, fragment, or wordiness error. After reading the entire sentence, you should recognize that it lacks a main verb and is not expressing a complete thought. As such, this sentence is a fragment. One possible way to correct this error would be to change the gerunds to verbs, so let's keep that in the back of our minds as we go through the answer choices. Immediately, we can get rid of A and D because they keep "tempting" in the gerund form, and thusdon't fix the error. Answer choice B fixes the fragment by changing "tempting" to "tempt" but creates a word choice error. The correct word pair is "not only...but also" rather than "not only...but then." Upon first glance, answer choice C might look correct, but you should always make sure that every verb is in the proper form and tense. The subject of the sentence is "demands", which is plural. Therefore, the verb should be in the plural form. The verbs "tempts" and "strains" are in the singular form, so answer choice C creates an error in subect-verb agreement. We're left with answer choice E. The verbs "tempt" and "strain" are consistent and they agree with the subject. The resulting sentence is no longer a fragment and there is no additional error. The correct answer is E. We'll use the same process to answer another real SAT question from the improving sentences subsection. Again, we'll start by trying to find the error in the underlined portion. The first word "was" is a verb. Remember to make sure all underlined verbs are in the correct form and agree with their subjects. The subject of this sentence is "two", which is plural, but the verb is "was", which is in the singular form. There is an error in subject-verb agreement. After looking at the answer choices, we can get rid of A, B, and C right away since none of those choices correct the subject-verb agreement error. Those eliminations leave just choices D and E, both of which replace "was" with the correctly conjugated verb, "were." However, D also includes the exra word "the," so it is less clear and concise than E. Remember that the most concise grammatically correct answer choice will be correct. The answer is E. What's Next? Read this article to learn the big secret to SAT Writing. If you want more review on all of the grammar rules tested on the SAT Writing section, check out the complete guide to SAT Writing grammar and what's actually tested on SAT Writing. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points? Check out our best-in-class online SAT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your SAT score by 160 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this Writing and grammar lesson, you'll love our program. Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands ofpractice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial:

Discuss the extent to which social work can be considered a profession Essay

Discuss the extent to which social work can be considered a profession - Essay Example Social work also entices creation of favorable societal conditions to their goals (Zastrow, 2009:27). Social work subsists in the society, to supply gentle and effective group, individual, family, community, and societal-social services, to enhance and improve both social functioning and the quality of life. Social work can be, classified as both academic and professional exercise, involving life and health, and environmental development (Segal, Gerdes, and Steiner, 2010:62) Social work as a profession consists of two aspects: the macro practice and the micro practice. The micro practice involves assisting individuals suit better in own environment. On the other hand, macro practices involve changing of the environment to suit individual who live in it (Segal, Gerdes, and Steiner, 2010:71). Social work is explained as, both professional and academic exercise that hunts to develop and recover the value of life and health of individuals, a group, or community. The social workers target to improve lives of individuals and as well the society as a whole. Social work can be termed a career, though exciting and challenging. There exist two kinds of social workers. First is direct-service social workers and second type is clinical social workers. The direct-service social workers are those who assist people resolve and survive with problems in their lives while clinical-service social workers diagnose and cure behavioral, mental or psychological and emotional matters. Social work is somewhat of recent origin with first welfare agencies formed by early 1800s mostly in urban areas (Zastrow, 2010:110). Originally, these agencies were founded from religious groups, and were more of private focusing on providing physical basic needs like shelter and food. These ancient private agencies also made attempts of treating private and sensitive complexities with religious rebukes. The examples of these agencies

Is Teacher Certification Worthwhile or Not Essay

Is Teacher Certification Worthwhile or Not - Essay Example Every industry faces high levels of competition, and as such, having a competitive advantage over other firms is of priority for different firms. Subsequently, they hire the best and highest qualified individuals in the market to work in their firms. Governments on the other hand, in an effort to raise their GDP, have seen the importance of investing in quality education for its population. It is with this reason that there is an increase in the demand for teacher certification as countries and firms battle out at the global market arena. This essay addresses the reasons why it is important for every teacher to seek certification before joining the teaching profession. There is an increase in the number of colleges training teachers especially in California. Without any mechanism in place to test the competency of these teachers, there is a high likelihood of there being non-trained as well as poorly trained teachers. A non-trained or poorly trained teacher cannot teach in a competit ive way. Although these colleges are accredited colleges, there is no mechanism in place to prove that a teacher in deed has gone through training and can thus comfortably handle students. Initially, when there were few universities and colleges offering teachers’ training, it was possible to tell the quality of the tutoring. This is however not the case anymore. With the increase in the number of colleges, the only way of determining the quality of training that teachers receive in these colleges is only through the certification process. Additionally, teacher certification is the only way in which a person can prove their skills and expertise. The uniqueness of the teaching profession makes it necessary for the certification of teachers globally, not just in California. A teacher needs to have basic teaching skills in addition to their ability to handle students comfortably. Understanding that teaching entails much more than just classroom teaching is the bottom line for se eking certification. Taking a specifically exam is one of the main ways in which an individual could become a certified teacher. However, there are different kinds of skills that teachers need to have, which different tests seek to test in a teacher. The California Basic Education Skills Test (CBEST) in California is one of these tests that seek to test the basic teaching skills of a teacher in the state of California. Notably, most of the exams test reading skills, writing skills and the computation skills of a teacher. For one to pass the test, the middle graduate student knowledge is mandatory. Therefore, without having acquired this level of knowledge, it is hard for one to pass the test comfortably. The importance of having this certification is evident by the fact that unified school district holds only the certificate of basic education test. This is the first step of becoming a teacher, as one has to take the certification test to qualify as part of the unified school distri ct department. Moreover, the CSEST tests the understanding of the teacher’s basic knowledge, history, and application of skills in the major subject. This makes it possible for the unified district department to screen out teachers by the understanding of the subject and decide that who can be employ. Currently, the CSEST does not require any experience for one to qualify as a

Evaluation of SWOT, Generic Strategy, Porters 5 Forces, and the Blue Essay

Evaluation of SWOT, Generic Strategy, Porters 5 Forces, and the Blue Ocean Analysis in emerging markets - Essay Example There has been virtual silence, however, on the practical tools required to excel in a Blue Ocean Analysis. Rather than put these tools to their best use, executives in these emerging market sectors have been told to be "brave" and "entrepreneurial." Rather than being encouraged to adopt a strategy like Blue Ocean so they can have an effective paradigm for management and understanding of the markets, they are told that they should "learn from failure" while they try to "seek out revolutionaries." Although thought-provoking and even somewhat motivational, these statements are not substitutes for an effective analytical model that would equip the modern executive to successfully navigate in the international emerging markets. In the absence of true leadership by senior management, and lacking effective analytical tools, executives running businesses in this market sector cannot reasonably be expected to effectively accomplish the goal of increasing market segment and positioning their companies ahead of existing competition. Effective employment of the principles found in the Blue Ocean Analysis would allow international market company leaders to see the wisdom in focusing on risk minimization, and not facilitate the use of euphemisms to encourage risk taking. While the Blue Ocean Analysis is not a perfect model, and does have limitations that will be explored in this research, this strategy appears to be a more realistic method for delivering an effective approach for companies in today's highly competitive markets. Methodology The research methodology employed to fully investigate this question will be straightforward and comprehensive. First, there will be a systematic review of existing literature regarding the implementation, strengths, weaknesses, and operations of the primary analytical tools such as Porter's Five Forces, PESTAL, Value Chain, Generic Strategy, SWOT, and the Blue Ocean Analysis. Further, there will be a focus on the causes of strategy changes within companies, particularly those within the international emerging market sector, and how the traditional strategies are applied to these organisations. Following this, a number of methods will be used

Accounting, Decisions and Accountability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Accounting, Decisions and Accountability - Essay Example This certainly provided some help to dwindling liquidity and working capital finance of the company. The company is not even in a position to maintain a better interest coverage. Gross profitability showed some recovery signs in 2007 but the initiative was taken away by overheads and other non-operative expenditure resulting into very marginal net margin recoveries before taxes and interests (EBIT). Though net margin evaluation has been based on EBIT, it is necessary to point out that even such small recovery was taken away by interest, taxes and extraordinary items, and finally the year 2007 turned into a huge loss year. The detailed analysis here in this writes up shows that company is facing more difficulties than the available opportunities. Chia Liang Chu inherited 200,000 shares in Sing Chip Ltd. from her grand mother. The inheritance put her in dilemma of keeping or selling the shares. Accordingly a financial analysis was required of the financial statements of Sing Chip Ltd., before any recommendation could be put forward to Chia Liang Chu. Three years financial statements have been analyzed in this write up using financial ratios as method of analysis. The analysis have been made to evaluate, profitability, liquidity, and financial stability (solvency) of the company, considering its performances over a period of three years, in order to arrive at logical conclusion, so that a proper recommendation is made to Chia Liang Chu. Profitability of an entity is viewed from two different angles. One is profitability in relation to turnover or sales, and other is profitability in relation to investment. From the point of view of sales, profit is considered by calculating Gross profit ratio and Net profit ratio. In relation to investments, profitability is considered as per rate of return on equity or the ROE, and profitability as per return on assets or ROA. Gross Profit ratio is defined as

The Cross Cultural Implications For a UK Manager Undertaking an Essay

The Cross Cultural Implications For a UK Manager Undertaking an International Business - Essay Example If the cross- cultural effects are not addressed, this can lead to conflict and lack of business resolution especially by business managers. There are various forms of cultures that influence the performance of a business manager in another different culture. These factors are widely categorized as group culture, organizational culture and national culture. The national culture in a different country greatly influences the way in which a manager performs and hence the need to assess the cross cultural implications of a UK manager who is undertaking an international business assignment in another country. This will be done with reference to Hofstede and bond theories and also according to Trompenaars and Hall theories (Moody, Bebensee and Carter, 2008, p. 89). Hofstede (2001) Theory Of Cross Cultural Implications Culture is the way of life of a people and for a business manager to work competently in a cross cultural environment he needs to learn how to understand the cross culture an d competently perform in the different cultural environment. It is important that he learns the implications of cultural diversity. Hofstede four cross cultural implications that may aid business managers on international businesses to competently perform despite the change in culture. ... United Kingdom being a developed country has Low Power Distance (LPD) since the level of integrity, education and ethics is high. However, African countries are characterized by High Power Distance (HPD) since the margin between the intellect and the poor is very great. In a situation where a UK based manager is posed in an African country, embracing HPD will be a difficult task for the manager to accomplish. This is since the manager is used to power balance and following protocols to accomplish business deal. However, in Africa, superiors make the core of the decisions with minimal consultation to the managers. The running of the business is a top level endeavor hence challenging the performance of the UK based manager. Moreover, despite being assertive, the UK manager is inculcated into a community whereby subordinates are not consulted in decision making and the top level administration is not questioned. The issue of power distance is an example of a cross cultural implication t hat a UK based manager carrying out an international business in an African country will face during his business in Africa (Lim, 2004, p. 27). Secondly, individualism and collectivism is another cross cultural concept that Hofstede emphasizes in his cross cultural theory. According to him, individualists are more concerned about themselves and their gain while collectivists are concerned about the gain of the whole group. A country where individualism is rampant is in the United States, UK and Germany while the countries will collectivism are Asia and African countries. Basing on this documented evidence, the UK based manager has individualistic aspect and he has gone for an international

Accounting, Decisions and Accountability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Accounting, Decisions and Accountability - Essay Example This certainly provided some help to dwindling liquidity and working capital finance of the company. The company is not even in a position to maintain a better interest coverage. Gross profitability showed some recovery signs in 2007 but the initiative was taken away by overheads and other non-operative expenditure resulting into very marginal net margin recoveries before taxes and interests (EBIT). Though net margin evaluation has been based on EBIT, it is necessary to point out that even such small recovery was taken away by interest, taxes and extraordinary items, and finally the year 2007 turned into a huge loss year. The detailed analysis here in this writes up shows that company is facing more difficulties than the available opportunities. Chia Liang Chu inherited 200,000 shares in Sing Chip Ltd. from her grand mother. The inheritance put her in dilemma of keeping or selling the shares. Accordingly a financial analysis was required of the financial statements of Sing Chip Ltd., before any recommendation could be put forward to Chia Liang Chu. Three years financial statements have been analyzed in this write up using financial ratios as method of analysis. The analysis have been made to evaluate, profitability, liquidity, and financial stability (solvency) of the company, considering its performances over a period of three years, in order to arrive at logical conclusion, so that a proper recommendation is made to Chia Liang Chu. Profitability of an entity is viewed from two different angles. One is profitability in relation to turnover or sales, and other is profitability in relation to investment. From the point of view of sales, profit is considered by calculating Gross profit ratio and Net profit ratio. In relation to investments, profitability is considered as per rate of return on equity or the ROE, and profitability as per return on assets or ROA. Gross Profit ratio is defined as

Youth Consumption and Fragrances Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Youth Consumption and Fragrances - Essay Example But the new and cheaper mass brands have registered the highest growth in percentage and absolute levels. The perfumes and fragrances segment have targeted the younger age groups particularly the teen segment. The teens whose ages range from 13 years old to 19-years-old have a total population of 860 million all over the world. These teens have a bigger purchasing power than most of the generations before them. The teens' market is valued at US$250 billionannually worldwide, based on studies done by Euromonitor International. This market segment is a wealthy and sophisticated segment which bodes positive prospects for premium fragrances and celebrity scents. Indeed, celebrity scents have increased the profitability and the resilience of the perfume and fragrances industry on a global sale. Celebrity scents base itself on the established image of an actress or performer and it guarantees a deep consumer base. Hence, this helps fragrance makers to reduce marketing and promotions expens es. Young people look for celebrity scents since they want to imitate their favorite R & B performers, Hollywood actors and actresses and musical artists. Having a good and pleasant smell is a status symbol and an example of making a good impression on one's friends and on one's sweetheart. The basic barometer is this: that what smells good is good, and that what smells bad is bad. The fragrance industry exemplifies that fact that smell is a reflection of material culture and it enhances the olfactory senses of persons. The fragrance market as a whole is composed of these sets: (1) soaps and detergents (in which scents are added in a particular way) (34%); (2) cosmetics and toiletries; and (3) others (air fresheners, polishes, foods, and others) which are designed to convey an unconscious scent experience. (41%). The market is equally shared between flavors (51%) and fragrances (49%). Perfumes, fragrances and deodorants are part of a global beauty business that has been pegged at US $160 billion dollars a year with a very high annual growth rate of 7%. The seven percent growth rate is higher than the growth rate of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the world's developed countries. The estimated global market in 2008 for the perfumes and fragrances segment is pegged at US $15 billion dollars. The Japanese market accounts for US $4.5 billion (Fuji Keizai, 2002, "Fragrance," p. 145).

Many Of The Characters In Of Mice And Men Have Dreams Essay Example for Free

Many Of The Characters In Of Mice And Men Have Dreams Essay John Steinbeck wrote the novel Of Mice and Men in 1937. The settings were personally related to the author himself. The Novel is set were he originally came from, around Salinas, California. It was written during the great depression which not only effected America, but Europe as well; however the novel only focuses on America. Steinbeck had his reasons for writing about it. He wanted to show the reality of the great depression as it struck everyone in different ways. He used realistic characters that represented the main groups of people living in America and what effects took place according to their status. One of the biggest problems was that twenty-five percent of the whole population was unemployed, leaving a mass of civilians to roam the streets, desperate to survive by any means. Others were forced to become itinerant workers. George and Lennie, the main characters, are two ranch workers. They are prime examples or itinerant workers due to the economic disaster they faced. They had slight difficulties maintaining a job as Lennie has a mental and almost physical disability. His child-like mind didnt allow him to correspond well with his beastly physicality. This means he is unaware of how brutal and uncivilized his actions may be. Its what always got him in trouble and George was the one always defending him. All they had was each other. As Itinerant workers they travelled far in search of work as did many others who were desperate to earn enough money to survive or perhaps support their family. They pretty much had no choice if they wanted to live. Work on a ranch didt always pay well ; however, the workers were provided with the necessities which had already cover a lot of costs such as a roof over their head, cooked meals, bathing facilities, so they were grateful. All those small things are the things that are taken for granted, but to those times they were valued and appreciated. Whatever salaries they received at the end of each month they would send home to their families or spend it all on a cat house (prostitute house) and start all over again. George and Lennie had other plans which differentiated them from the rest. George and Lennie both shared a dream. Besides the fact that their relationship status was quite rare, the dream made it that little bit more special. Most people travelled alone and just had their minds set on surviving. George and Lennie had their hearts set on bigger things. We could live off the fatta the lan, a quote used constantly by both George and Lennie. They are implying that they want to buy land in which they can live off everything they grow so they wont have to rely on any one to survive. Its a big change from working for someone to working for yourself; its more satisfying knowing they can do what they want for themselves. Well have a big vegetable patch and a rabbit-hutch and chickens. And when it rains in the winter, well just say the hell with going to work! Their dream gets deeper with endless wants; to them its almost like an obsessive fantasy. However, their dreams are still realistic compared to a modern day dream which tends to be more selfish and greedy. A sense of freedom is what they are after which is highly understandable and admirable. Lennie also has an obsession with tending rabbits. Again his child-likeliness is getting the better of him; then again all children look forward to particular things they enjoy. Their dream is like a private sanctuary in their minds, an escape from reality, the one thing that no one can take from them. Its their goal, the one thing that keeps them motivated to carry on. Come on, George. Tell Me. Please, George. Like you done before. George tells their dream like a story out of a fairytale to satisfy Lennies childish behavior. Lennie also repeats his sentences as a sign of enthusiasm. The dialect used gives quite a clear impression of what they sound like and helps to visualize their words and actions. What is said is written quite different from how we would write and speak today, so it emphasizes on how long ago this took place. The Ranch consists of more than just workers and one dream. George and Lennie werentt alone; there were others with different occupations and completely different dreams. George and Lennies dream later developed into a larger dream including one other member. Candy, a former worker, who had lost his hand on the ranch so he wasnt much use. He was aware that it wouldntt be long until he would have no were to go, he was only getting benefits for his loss on the ranch, and no one wants a useless worker hanging about. When Candy over hears George going into story mode, he was overwhelmed knowing that there was some hope. You know wheres a place like that? and How much they want for a place like that? showed Candy was deeply interested by asking questions. Candy was interested by all of this because his life was slowly passing by and he was still not doing anything about it. So this dream of having a ranch and not working for somebody was a big eye-one for candy and seemed very interested in the dream. He stated obviously that hes interested by saying, Spose I went in with you guys and shows us how desperate he is by offering three hundred an fifty bucks which was more than half of the overall payment required. Just to sweeten up the deal even more he adds, I could cook and tend the chickens and hoe the garden some. And Id make a will an leave my share to you guys in case I kick off, Candy chose his words carefully letting George know it will benefit everyone rather than it being a selfish gesture. Just to make sure they kept him in he used a very short but never the less a very effective emotional line, When they can me here I wisht somebodys shoot me. Automatically they feel sympathetic towards him because he lost his hand and his best friend, the dog. It was after that conversation that Candy gained hope after all. However, a serious incident occurred which lead George to kill Lennie for the good and safety of others. He gave up on the dream and decided to become a part of what everyone else already was. then its all off? Candy asked sulkily. Without George, Candy couldntt stand a chance making the dream come true alone and there was no persuading George to reconsider. Candy was vexed at Curleys wife as she laid dead, Everbody knowed youd mess things up. He knew that if she didnt disturb Lennie they would all be able to leave the ranch and have a good life together. Now that she had caused all these problems he had no respect for her at all and insulted her by using harsh names such as lousy tart and bitch. Women to those times werent seen as equals, they done what they were told and werent much use. Curleys wife is a good example of a typical woman to those times. She is referred to as Curleys wife and nothing else to show her lack of importance. She craves attention as no one pays her no mind, so she resorts to Lennie who listens too her dream. Her dream was to make something of her self by becoming an actress. Coulda been in the movies, an had nice clothes all of them nice clothes they wear. An I coulda sat in them big hotels, an had pitchers took of me. she reminisces on the past were she had a chance of fulfilling her dream and all the materialistic things she would have had. She sounded ungrateful when she said, I wouldnt be livin like this, you bet as if to say what Curley had to offer wasnt good enough when thats what nearly all women wish they could have. Her marriage to Curley was an escape from loneliness which seemed to have failed. As she was an attention seeker she used her sexuality to her advantage to lure in other men, even if they were at the bottom of the social hierarchy. Although the other men were aware of the sly schemes, Lennie was mesmerized by her beauty and was generally vulnerable. She even admitted that she was lonely to make Lennie feel sorry for her by saying, Why cant I talk to you? I never get to talk to nobody. I get awful lonely. She did this to make him feel sorry for her and give in to her cunning ways. She had finally found someone dumb enough to listen to her pitiful life story without passing a judgment on her and it all started from, Maybe I will yet. Then with such passion she let lose what she had bottled up inside for a while. She couldnt care about what Lennie had to say when he included his own dream in the conversation, she went on with her story quickly, before she could be interrupted. For someone desperate to talk to someone she seemed awfully ungrateful and selfish. She was fully aware of what he was capable of yet she still took the risk of getting to close. She took Lennies hand and put it on her head she told him to Feel right aroun this was the biggest mistake she could have ever possibly made. From the slightest jerk he began to panic. His child and animalistic side began to collide again. Like a child he held on and panicked, however, he didnt realize he was hurting her and she wasnt strong enough to struggle free. She died young and still could have made something of herself but she could never get another chance after that. This quote is taken after Curleys wife died, her dreams like the others but hers different of wanting to be famous were shattered. Crooks is just the isolated nigger at the bottom of the social hierarchy on the ranch who constantly got degraded by everyone. His status is even lower than any womans. Any black person to those times would have the most selfless dream, to be treated as an equal and to have freedom. George and Lennie were the only ones that communicated with Crooks so it probably made him feel somewhat wanted. Crooks also developed a desire to join the dream. Crooks constantly had to take everything thrown at him verbally by Curleys wife as he had no status as a busted-back nigger. She constantly abused him and when he finally decided to stand up for him self he got knocked back down again. Keep your place then, Nigger. I could get you strung up on a tree so easy it aint even funny. This shows that if Crooks did anything out of the ordinary it will be reported and he will be dealt with in harsh ways. It made him realise that he couldnt take part in the dream, all hope had been lost thanks too the threat Curleys wife made. Every character mentioned above presented their dreams in the form of a story to another character. Each of the dreams were different yet similar in many ways. All of the dreams resorted to freedom from somewhere or someone, and not to suffer from financial problems. They all wanted to be able to support themselves and survive from what they owned. The only difference being that some were unrealistic and they had different views of the dreams they wished too accomplish. In the past Curleys wife was close to being an actress twice. Only thing that stopped her was her mother, who didnt let this dream continue knowing what the consequences would be later on in life. George, Lennie and Candy were less than a month away from completing their task of obtaining the land. In the end Lennie accidentally ruined everything and didnt even know what he had caused. Crooks wasnt as close, he only had hopes of becoming apart of the dream, but nothing had been established officially. I think the situation on the whole affected George the most as it was originally his aim to work towards it and without it he felt like there was nothing left for him. He lost faith in his dream and his fellow companion. I believe Steinbeck looked at how the Great Depression affected the different people in America and sympathized on their behalf. All the characters represent all types of people in America; the elderly, disabled, women and the ethnic minorities. They all played important parts as they helped to show how major the issue was.

How to Get Rid of Ringworm

How to Get Rid of Ringworm Ringworm Treatment: How to Get Rid of Ringworm in humans Most people have had fungal infections at some point in life or the other. If you have had infections like, yeast infection, jock itch, athlete’s foot, etc. then you have suffered from fungal infections. Fungi live everywhere, in the air, water, in soil, on the plants, and even on and within our body. Not all fungi are harmful, some are indeed helpful to us, but some cause infections on the surface of the body or inside. When the immune system is suppressed or is compromised, the fungi in the air can take advantage of the condition and start multiplying causing a fungal infection. Fungi can attack any part of the body. But the most common are the skin, scalp, urogenital tract, lungs, heart, etc. Though there are many species of fungi that cause infections, one form of fungal infection that is most common is the ringworm. It is a skin condition caused by a group fungus called Dermatophytes. Being fungal in nature, it is extremely contagious and difficult to treat. For a full cure, the treatment may have to be prolonged. Ringworm of the scalp is perhaps the most stubborn of all infections and is hard to get rid of. All is not gloomy where ringworm treatment for humans is concerned, there are many medicines and home treatments available that are used to treat the problem and eliminate it. There are over the counter nonprescription, creams, lotions and ointments available for topical application, which are helpful in curing mild forms of ringworm. If the problem is more acute, you may have to consider going to a dermatologist for a more thorough exam and treatment, which could include, powders, prescription pills and if you have the ringworm of the scalp, a shampoo. Let us take a look at the various treatments that are available for the many different ringworm infections. Ringworm Treatment Prescribed by Doctor The treatment for ringworm on the various parts of the body may not be the same. It varies according to the area of the body that has the infection. Before we look at the treatment as prescribed by Doctors, we should look at the types of Ringworm infections that humans can get. The ringworm infections are classified according to the area of the body that they may affect. Ringworm of the Skin Ringworm of the skin includes conditions such as athlete’s foot also called Tinea Pedis, jock itch or Tinea Cruris. Jock itch is most common in men due to moist conditions between the scrotum and the thigh which are perfect breeding ground for fungi. Ringworm of the penis is extremely rare, but does occur sometimes and appears like ringworm infection on other parts of the body. The most common form of all ringworm is Tinea Pedis or Athlete’s Foot, which is caused by sweating in the foot. The moisture gets trapped between the toes and presents a perfect atmosphere for fungal growth. Drugs Used for Treatment of Skin Ringworm Infections Imidazoles: It is an organic coumpound which is colourless and dissolves in water to give an alkaline solution. Many drugs use Imidazole or its derivatives called imidazoles. They are used in treatment of a variety of infections most notably anti-fungal drugs. This is a group of prescription drugs that include: Clotrimazole Miconazole Ketoconazole Ecconazole Oxiconnazole Sulconazoole Setaconazole These drugs are sold under the names: Lotrimin, Nizoral, Spectazole, Monistat-Derm, Exelderm, Eratzco, etc. They can be sold as cream, powders, pessaries, capsules or lotions. It may be essential to get a prescription for some preparations of these drugs. Allylamines: It is an organic compound and comes as a colorless liquid. It is also the simplest form of stable unsaturated amine. It is used in pharmaceutical industry especially in migraine drugs and antifungal formulations. Common anti-fungal drugs of this family are: Naftifine Terbinafine These drugs are marketed under the name of Naftin and Lamisil for topical use. Can also be presented as creams, powders or sprays. Naphthiomates : Tolnafate The drug is sold under the brand name of Tinactin, Aftate, Absorbine, etc. and is available in spray, lotions, cream or powder form for topical application. Substituted pyridines: Ciclopirox It is marketed under the names of Batrafen, Mycoster,Loprox, etc. It is used as a cream or lotion for topical use. Ringworm of the Scalp It is known as Tinea Capitis and is generally caused by the species of fungi called Trichophyton. It is one of the most virulent form of ringworm and is most commonly found in children. Treatment of Scalp Ringworm There are several drugs that are used in the treatment of Tinea Capitis. These include: Griseofulvin: for children, it is to be taken orally for 4 – 6 weeks depending upon the severity of the infection. Terbinafine: Is another drug that is given orally to children. It is available in tablet or granular form. This drug is also given to adults. The dosages and the duration of treatment varies for children and adults. Itraconazole: Is another oral antifungal drug that is given to adults for treatment of Tinea Capitis. It comes as tablets or capsules and even as a liquid solution. In children, an antifungal cream or lotion such as Lamisil may be applied to stop the infection from spreading. A selenium sulfide based shampoo should also be used till the infection is fully cured. In ringworm of adults, if the infection is very serious, the doctors may also prescribe prednisone, a corticosteroid to be taken orally. A Ketaconazole based shampoo may be prescribed to be used twice a week till the infection is cured. Ringworm of the Body Ringworm infection on the face, arms, legs, and trunk are included in the ringworm of the body or Tinea corporis. It is usually caused by Trichophyton or Microsporum fungi. It can develop on any part of the body and spread to other parts fairly quickly. Treatment of Tines Corporis It is treated by topical antifungal cream, gel or lotion. The drug is applied topically to the infected area twice a day. The treatment is continued for a week or more after the symptoms have disappeared. The drugs used for topical treatment can include: Butoconazole Ciclopirox Clotrimazole Gentian Violet Miconazole Tolnaftate Sometimes, the infection can be difficult to treat. Under such conditions, the topical treatment may be supported by oral therapy too. The oral treatment should be taken for a minimum of 2-3 weeks. The treatment could include: Itraconazole Terbinafine Beard Ringworm As the name suggests it is the ringworm of the beard area on the face and is caused by two fungi – trichophyton mentagrophytes or trychophyton verrucosum. It is also called tinea barbae, and usually causes superficial infections, but sometimes deeper infection may occur. Treatment of Tinea Barbae The treatment of tinea barbae includes oral as well as topical treatment. The topical antifungal treatment can include gel, lotions or creams to be applied on the infect area. Oral treatment is given with antifungal medicines that include: Griseofulvin Terbinafine Itraconazole Sometimes a corticosteroid prednisone may be included to alleviate the symptoms, if the infection is very severe. It also helps to reduce scarring and permanent loss of hair on the face. Ringworm of the Nail Nails can also get ringworm. Ringworm of the nails is called Onychomycosis or tinea unguium. The nail infections can occur in anyone but the people more at risk are: diabetics, people who wear artificial nails, use public swimming pools, and work in areas where the hands are moist or under water for extended periods of time. Treatment for Nail Ringworm it is a very stubborn ringworm infection and it is best to go to a doctor for the treatment of the infection as the likelihood of nail ringworm infection recurring are very high. The doctors prescribe drugs such as: Itraconazole Fluconazole Terbinafine Griseofulvin The patient may also be prescribed anti-fungal nail paints such as amorolfine or tioconazole and other topical treatments to control and eliminate the infection. The length of the treatment may last several months depending upon the type of fungus that caused the infection and the severity of the infection. Home Remedies For Ringworm Treatment Besides the prescription and over the counter drugs available for ringworm infections, there are several home remedies available for treatment of ringworm. These include: Garlic: It has excellent anti-fungal qualities and has been used for treatment of ringworm for centuries. Peel some cloves of garlic and slice it into thin slices and apply them on to the infected area. Secure with a bandage and leave overnight. Applying garlic paste or rubbing smashed garlic cloves on to the infected area also helps. Ingesting garlic enhances the potency of the treatment, so eat plenty of garlic while treating the ringworm. Apple Cider Vinegar: This is another good home remedy for ringworm. Soak a cotton ball in Apple Cider Vinegar, and apply it directly on to the infected area. Repeat 4 – 5 times a day for a minimum of 2 – 3 days for best results. Tea Tree Oil: It is a good antifungal agent that can be used to treat ringworm. Make a 50% solution in water and apply to the infected area 2 – 3 times a day for up to four weeks to cure the symptom and eliminate the infection. Turmeric: This is best applied as fresh juice extracted from fresh turmeric root. Apply directly on the affected area 2 -3 times a day till the symptoms disappear. Vinegar and Salt: one very affective home remedy is a paste of vinegar and salt. Apply directly to the affected area, leave it on for five to ten minutes and then wash off and dry the area. It may take uptp a week for the infection to disappear. Natural Remedies for Ringworm Treatment A lot of people prefer natural remedies for treatment of skin rashes and infections. For ringworm treatment the following natural remedies have been found to be very useful: Aloe Vera: It is a very good skin treatment and is also applied for ringworm. Apply the juice directly on to the affected area for best results. It will take a few days for the infection to disappear. Coconut Oil: Helps to cut down the itchiness of the infection when applied topically and makes the skin smooth. It is also used for treatment of ringworm of the scalp. Apply to the infected area and leave overnight. This helps to stop the buildup of the infection. Colloidal Silver: It is a powerful natural antibiotic and is effective in destroying many different microorganisms. It is also a great way to treat ringworm infection naturally. Colloidal Silver is available in gel or liquid form and should be applied directly to the affected area of the skin twice a day till the symptoms disappear. Jojoba Oil: This is the safest remedy for ringworm and can safely be applied in ringworm infections in babies. Apply a mixture of Jojoba oil with lavender oil on infected area several times a day till the symptom disappear. Lavender Oil: Lavender oil is known for its antifungal qualities and is also effective in treatment of ringworm. Studies have shown that lavender oil actually kills the fungi thus eliminating it completely. Sit should be applied topically, directly on to the infected area twice a day, till the symptoms completely disappear. Lemongrass Tea: Lemon grass tea is a good way to fight fungal infections. You can apply the used tea bags on to the infected area for quicker relief. Mustard Seeds: They should be soaked in water and ground into a paste to be applied directly on to the infected area. Leave it on for relief from itching and irritation. Myrrh: This is another powerful antifungal agent. Make a paste of half and half myrrh and goldenseal with water, to apply directly on to the infected area. Use twice a day till the infection clears. Olive Leaf: Olive leaf infusions have anti-fungal qualities and also help to boost the body’s immune system and prevent further infections. Take about 250 mg of the infusion thrice a day to cure ringworm rash. Conclusion Ringworm infections can last a long time and may be difficult to treat. If you suspect you have ringworm infection, it is best to consult a doctor to get proper medication. It is highly contagious and all precaution should be taken to prevent it from spreading to other people. While on treatment, it is best not to miss a dose and to continue with the treatment for a few days after all the symptoms have disappeared. Ringworm treatment for humans can be in the form of ringworm ointments, oral medicines, pills, pessaries, capsules, tinctures, solutions, lotions, nail-paints, shampoos and injections depending upon the area which is infected and the severity of the infection. A combination of prescribed, home and natural remedies may help you get rid of ringworm fast.

The Medicinal Properties of the Papaya, Carica papaya L. :: Botany

The Medicinal Properties of the Papaya, Carica papaya L. Quite surprisingly, historians know little about Hippocrates, the physician often referred to as "the father of medicine". However, we do know that he was a strong advocate of the use of medicinal plants to prevent and cure diseases. He recorded between three hundred and four hundred plant remedies in his writing and during the middle ages herbal remedies were passed down from generation to generation. Although the church emphasized faith healing over other forms of healing, Christian monks would preserve many of the early Greek and Roman medical texts, later growing their own herbs in the monasteries. By the time the colonizers settled in the new world, they brought with them some knowledge of herbal medicine. This in turn was shared with the Native Americans and other indigenous peoples of the new world who practiced ethnobotanical rituals as a daily and integral part of their lives. Most recently beginning in the 1800's, while chemical drugs became popular with the medical establishment and those who could afford it, herbal medicine continued to be practiced by those who could not afford the later or who were strong believers in natural medicine. While chemotherapy has brought us many life-saving drugs, today nearly fifty percent of commonly used drugs are either plant derivatives or contain the equivalent of a chemical imitation of a plant compound. Indeed Digitalis, Aspirin, Reserpine, Quinine, Tetracycline and the ever useful Penicillin are all members of this list. In fact according to the World Health Organization, herbal medicine today is still the primary source of health care for approximately eighty percent of the worlds population. Papaya/Pawpaw Carica papaya L., more commonly known as the papaya, belongs to the Caricaceae. Its classification is as follows: Division: Magnoliophyta, Class: Magnoliopside, Subclass: Dilleniidae, Order: Violales and as previously mentioned Family: Caricaceae. It was first described by the Spanish chronicler Oviedo in 1526, from the Caribbean coast of Panama and Colombia. Soon after it was grown throughout the tropics, its distribution being aided by the abundance of its seeds. The Papaya seed is viable for up to three years under cool, dry conditions and it is a herbaceous , dicotyledonous plant that may produce fruits for more than twenty years. The plant usually has a single trunk with several well developed branches. The melon-like fruit varies in size and shape, and hangs from short, thick peduncles at the leaf axil. The Medicinal Properties of the Papaya, Carica papaya L. :: Botany The Medicinal Properties of the Papaya, Carica papaya L. Quite surprisingly, historians know little about Hippocrates, the physician often referred to as "the father of medicine". However, we do know that he was a strong advocate of the use of medicinal plants to prevent and cure diseases. He recorded between three hundred and four hundred plant remedies in his writing and during the middle ages herbal remedies were passed down from generation to generation. Although the church emphasized faith healing over other forms of healing, Christian monks would preserve many of the early Greek and Roman medical texts, later growing their own herbs in the monasteries. By the time the colonizers settled in the new world, they brought with them some knowledge of herbal medicine. This in turn was shared with the Native Americans and other indigenous peoples of the new world who practiced ethnobotanical rituals as a daily and integral part of their lives. Most recently beginning in the 1800's, while chemical drugs became popular with the medical establishment and those who could afford it, herbal medicine continued to be practiced by those who could not afford the later or who were strong believers in natural medicine. While chemotherapy has brought us many life-saving drugs, today nearly fifty percent of commonly used drugs are either plant derivatives or contain the equivalent of a chemical imitation of a plant compound. Indeed Digitalis, Aspirin, Reserpine, Quinine, Tetracycline and the ever useful Penicillin are all members of this list. In fact according to the World Health Organization, herbal medicine today is still the primary source of health care for approximately eighty percent of the worlds population. Papaya/Pawpaw Carica papaya L., more commonly known as the papaya, belongs to the Caricaceae. Its classification is as follows: Division: Magnoliophyta, Class: Magnoliopside, Subclass: Dilleniidae, Order: Violales and as previously mentioned Family: Caricaceae. It was first described by the Spanish chronicler Oviedo in 1526, from the Caribbean coast of Panama and Colombia. Soon after it was grown throughout the tropics, its distribution being aided by the abundance of its seeds. The Papaya seed is viable for up to three years under cool, dry conditions and it is a herbaceous , dicotyledonous plant that may produce fruits for more than twenty years. The plant usually has a single trunk with several well developed branches. The melon-like fruit varies in size and shape, and hangs from short, thick peduncles at the leaf axil.

Escape by W.S. Maugham

â€Å"ESCAPE† By William Somerset Maugham The text under interpretation is â€Å"Escape† by William Somerset Maugham. W. S. Maugham was a well-known English playwright, novelist and short story writer. He was the son of a British diplomat. He was educated at King`s school in Canterbury, studied painting in Paris, went to Heidelberg University in Germany and studied to be a doctor at St. Thomas Hospital in England. So, he put his hand in different activities and that`s why he is versatile and experienced person. S.Maugham was critical of the morals, the narrow-mindedness and hypocrisy of bourgeois society. Such novels as â€Å"Of Human Bondage†, â€Å"The Moon and the Sixpence†, â€Å"The Theatre† and others came under his pen. He was also the master of the short story. Among them are: â€Å"Colonel’s Lady†, â€Å"Friend in Need†, â€Å"Lion’s Skin†, etc. S. Maugham was among the most popular writers of his era, and reputedly, the highest paid author during the 1930s. Maugham’s style of writing is clear and precise. He doesn`t impose his views on the reader. He puts a question and leaves it to the reader to answer.I also like his revealing the weak sides and vices of human nature skilfully. His books are chatty and easy to read. This is clearly viewed from the given extract. â€Å"Escape† is a story about common people in common situation, and Maugham manages to tell it with the sense of humour and in a very interesting way. The essence of â€Å"The Escape†, to my mind, is that Roger and Ruth have diverse approaches towards the relations. Of course, the men and the women like the first step: flowers, attentiveness, passion. But then their paths diverge.The romance disappears, the man looks for the way out, he craves for new emotions, but the woman deems that the relations should develop into the marriage. And â€Å"The Escape† is the example of such a mismatch. The story can be logically divided into four main parts: the exposition, passages about Ruth’s and Roger’s love, Roger falls out of love and the break-up. The story has a straight line narrative structure with author’s digressions at the beginning. I think that the beginning of the story serves as its subject matter, where the author recounts his point of view on marriage.He convinces us that if a woman once made her mind to marry a man nothing but instant flight could save him. As an example he told a case, which happened with one of his friends, who seeing the inevitable marriage menacing before him, took ship and spent a year traveling round the world. He hoped the woman would forget him, but was mistaken. When he got back thinking himself safe, the woman, from whom he had fled, was waiting for him on the quay. This funny thing supports the idea that the inevitable loom of the marriage frightens some men and they try to avoid it.It should be mentioned, that he de scribes that awkward situation very skilfully and in a very ironical way. It could be confirmed by some cases of irony, used by the narrator – â€Å"instant flight† and â€Å"inevitable loom menacing before him†, â€Å"escaped with only a toothbrush for all his luggage†, which show us fear and trembling of men before the difficulties of the marriage. Maugham establishes realistic setting to his piece of writing. As the author uses the first-person narrative structure we can guess that the narrator is the secondary character of the story.The main ones here are Roger Charing and Ruth Barlow. To describe them, Maugham uses the direct characterization. For example, he gives it when speaks about of Ruth’s eyes using the epithets (â€Å"splendid†, â€Å"moving†, â€Å"big and lovely†), a detached epithet (â€Å"poor dear†) – all in the ironic way. Further on the narrator says that he knows only one man who escaped succe ssfully. Once upon a time his friend, Roger Charing told him he was going to marry. Roger was tall and handsome, rich, experienced middle-aged man. Of course, many women wanted to marry him.But he was happy to live the life of an unmarried man: the epithets â€Å"sufficient experience†, â€Å"careful† give the direct description of his lifestyle. But then he met Ruth Barlow. He fell in love with her. He immediately wanted to look after her and make her happy. Ruth was twice a widow, she was younger than Roger. She was quite good-looking and she had big, beautiful, dark eyes and she had the gift of pathos. When a man saw those big, sad eyes, he wanted to help Ruth. The epithet â€Å"defenceless† expose the power of her look.It was Ruth’s mode to get what she wanted because she had no other means (money for instance). This â€Å"gift† helped Ruth to reach her goals. The metaphor â€Å"the gift of pathos†, the epithets â€Å"splendid dark eyes †, â€Å"the most moving eyes†, â€Å"big and lovely eyes† and the repetition of the word â€Å"eyes† make us pay our attention to this peculiarity. And Ruth made her mind to marry Roger: he was rich, considerate, and tactful and was glad to take care of her, so he was the best variant for her. He didn’t let down and made a proposal of marriage to her and they were going to marry as soon as ossible. While reading we came across a lot of pure literary words (gift, splendid, wonderful, hazards, sadness, lovely) and some cliches (â€Å"the world was too much for her†, â€Å"stand between the hazards of life and this helpless little thing†, â€Å"how wonderful it would be to take the sadness out of those big and lovely eyes†) which are peculiar to the description of ordinary situations concerning love affairs, so we see what kind of story â€Å"The Escape† is. The narrator provokes us to perceive it ironically.Through Rogerâ €™s vision, Ruth was very unlucky. Indeed, she seemed to be very miserable, everything was wrong with her. If she married a husband he beat her; if she employed a broker he cheated her; if she engaged a cook she drank. She never had a little lamb but it was sure to die. We can observe hopelessness of Ruth’s life through the epithets â€Å"helpless little thing†, â€Å"rotten time†, â€Å"unfortunate†, â€Å"poor dear†, the metaphor â€Å"a little lamb†, parallel constructions â€Å"if she married†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and pure literary words such as â€Å"sufferings†, â€Å"hazards†, â€Å"sadness†.Roger took an interest in her destiny and was ready to relieve it: the repetition of the pronouns â€Å"she† and â€Å"her† in Roger’s speech, the epithet â€Å"dreadfully sorry† prove my assumption. The epithets â€Å"very happy† and â€Å"pleased† make us believe that it wasn’t a nuisance for him. But according to the narrator’s opinion, Ruth was two-faced woman of few ideas: he called her stupid and scheming. This epithets, the simile â€Å"as hard as nails† add some points to her description, so it again proves that the method of character-drawing here is direct.We see two people, Roger and Ruth, as the future family, so this is the idea of this extract of the text. The author describes the first part of their relations which were rather standard. As thousands of men and women, they met, fell in love and decided to be together. But then, on a sudden, Roger fell out of love. This was the second part of their relations. There was no evident reason. Perhaps, his heart-strings were no longer touched by Ruth’s pathetic look. Roger became acutely conscious that Ruth had a mind to marry him. He gave a solemn oath that nothing would induce him to marry Ruth.But he was in a quandary. He was aware that Ruth would assess her feelings at an immod erately high figure if he asked her to release him. Besides, he didn’t want people to say that he jilted a woman. The epithets â€Å"acutely conscious†, â€Å"a solemn oath† and â€Å"an immoderately high figure† stress the importance, significance of his decision; as to the epithet â€Å"pathetic look† and the metaphor â€Å"heart-strings† (at the same time it is a cliche), they produce the humorous effect. Falling out of love is the most terrible thing I can imagine.Recently it was an acute pleasure for Roger to do everything for Ruth. He was charmed, but, as I suppose, it wasn’t a serious and profound feeling – Roger lost it too easily. It is obvious Ruth was a narrow-minded woman and she didn’t really love Roger. But there are some arguments to be said in her defence, she lonely and wanted to be protected. Probably she would be a good wife. The repetition of the expression â€Å"to have a mind to† reveals the conflict of Roger’s and Ruth’s interests. Ruth desired to have relations of long duration – she cried for the moon.On the contrary, Roger wanted to escape with no loss. And again we are the witnesses of the usual continuation of the love story. It’s rather banal. Roger kept his own counsel; he remained attentive to all her wishes. It was decided that they would be married as soon as they found a suitable house. Roger applied to the agents and visited with Ruth house after house. It was very hard to find a satisfactory one. Sometimes houses were too large, sometimes they were too small, sometimes they were too expensive and sometimes they were too stuffy, sometimes they were too airy.The idea is that only such dishonest, shabby act as the flat-chase tactics seemed to be appropriate for Roger. I think, it was like a committing a crime. Roger’s behaviour wasn’t fair, it was even disgraceful, but unfortunately such conduct is not uncommon, the m en trick the women very often, because their attitude towards the relations differs. Parallel constructions â€Å"sometimes they were too large, sometimes they were too small, sometimes they were too expensive and sometimes they were too stuffy†, the metaphor â€Å"house-hunting†, the epithet â€Å"innumerable kitchens† describe Roger’s scheme of the trouble-free parting.Firstly I took Roger’s side, because I consider that each person should have a right for free choice, but then I was sorry for Ruth, Roger tired her out, she didn’t understand what was happening. The epithet â€Å"exhausted† demonstrates her state brightly. At last Ruth revolted. She asked Roger if he wanted to marry her. There was an unaccustomed hardness in her voice, but it didn’t affect the gentleness of his reply. Roger persuaded her that they would be married the very moment they found a suitable house. Ruth took to her bed. She didn’t want to see Roger, but he was as ever assiduous and gallant.Every day he sent her flowers, wrote that he had some more houses to look at. The epithets â€Å"assiduous†, â€Å"gallant† display his dissimulation. A week passed and he received the letter: Ruth let him know that she was going to get married and claimed that Roger didn’t love her. He answered that her news shattered him, but her happiness had to be his first consideration. He sent Ruth seven orders to view. He was quite sure she would find among them a house that would exactly suit her. So, we can see that Roger appeared to be very smart and sly person.He appeared quite cute to predict Ruth’s following actions. When he got the hang of Ruth, he pretended he was still in love very gallantly, until she got the hang of him, and I should say it was a more civilized way of jilting a woman than just to leave her. So, I think the message of the story is that a woman can be sly and scheming, but a man can make it his way also. This story carried me with its eternal intrigue – the war between male and female. We may be in earnest about it or may try to ignore it, but it really takes place and this problem will exist until the end of human history.